Dicas para Professores: English Class - SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (Presente Simples)

1. USA-SE O SIMPLE PRESENT OU PRESENTE SIMPLES PARA EXPRESSAR:

a) um fato, uma situação atual ou uma condição geral.

Ex: I live in Brasília. (Eu moro em Brasília).

b) uma ação ou acontecimento habitual. Nesse caso, é comum o uso de advérbios de freqüência.

Ex: I get up at 7 o’clock every day. (Eu levanto às 7 horas todo dia).

c) verdades univesais.

Ex: Birds fly. (Os pássaros voam).

d) ações futuras planejadas. Ex: The plane leaves in 20 minutes. (O avião parte em 20 minutos).

2. FORMA AFIRMATIVA

Para conjugar qualquer verbo no Presente Simples, basta retirar a partícula TO do infinitivo do verbo e acrescentar S à 3ª pessoa do singular. Observe a tabela abaixo:

to work = trabalhar to eat = comer to speak = falar

I work I eat I speak

You work You eat You speak

He works He eats He speaks

She works She eats She speaks

It works It eats It speaks

We work We eat We speak

You work You eat You speak

They work They eat They speak

O cuidado que se deve ter ao conjugar os verbos no Presente Simples é apenas na 3ª pessoa do singular (He (ele), She (ela), It (ele/ela – neutro)).

3. REGRAS PARA A FORMAÇÃO DA 3ª PESSOA DO SINGULAR DO PRESENTE SIMPLES:

a) Regra geral: acrescenta-se S no final do verbo.

Ex: to swim = nadar → She swims every day. (Ela nada todo dia).

to drink = beber → He drinks much coffee. (Ele bebe muito café).

to bark = latir → It barks a lot. (Ele late muito).

b) Verbos terminados em SS, SH, CH, X, Z e O: acrescenta-se ES no final do verbo.

Ex: to kiss = beijar → He kisses his mother before sleeping. (Ele beija sua mãe antes de dormir).

to brush = escovar → She brushes her hair in the morning. (Ela penteia o cabelo pela manhã).

to watch = assistir → She watches tv in the afternoon. (Ela assiste tv de tarde).

to fix = consertar → He fixes cars. (Ele conserta carros).

to buzz = zumbir → The bee buzzes a lot. (A abelha faz muito zunido).

Caixa de texto: Exceção: Verbo to have (ter) na 3ª pessoa é has.

Ex: to have = ter – He has two brothers. (Ele tem dois irmãos).

to go = ir → She goes to school on foot. (Ela vai para a escola a pé).

c) Verbos terminados em y: há dois casos.

- se o y for precedido de vogal: acrescenta-se apenas o S.

Ex: to play = tocar – She plays the piano. (Ela toca piano).

- se o y for precedido de consoante: substi-tui-se o y por i e acrecenta-se ES.

Ex: to study = estudar – He studies at night. (Ele estuda à noite).

4. FORMA NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA

Nas formas negativa e interrogativa usa-se o verbo auxiliar to do nas formas do ou does, que não possuem tradução em português. Como o próprio nome sugere, eles apenas ajudam a formar a negativa e a interrogativa das frases. Quando o verbo to do (do/does) é usado como principal significa fazer. Usa-se DO quando o sujeito for I (eu), You (tu/você), We (nós) ou They (eles/elas) e usa-se DOES para a 3ª pessoa do singular, ou seja, quando o sujeito for He(ele), She (ela) e It (ele/ela – neutro). Quando se usa o verbo auxiliar DOES na 3ª pessoa do singular (tanto na forma negativa quanto na forma interrogativa), o verbo principal perde o S, ES ou IES que se acrescenta na conjugação da forma afirmativa.

Na forma negativa, usa-se ainda a partícula de negação NOT junto com o verbo auxiliar DO / DOES que é posicionado antes do verbo principal das frases. Observe a conjugação de dois verbos na forma negativa na tabela abaixo.

to go = ir		to study = estudar
Forma Negativa	Forma Contraída	Forma Negativa	Forma Contraída
I do not go	I don’t go	I do not study	I don’t study
You do not go	You don’t go	You do not study	You don’t study
He does not go	He doesn’t go	He does not study	He doesn’t study
She does not go	She doesn’t go	She does not study	She doesn’t study
It does not go	It doesn’t go	It does not study	It doesn’t study
We do not go	We don’t go	We do not study	We don’t study
You do not go	You don’t go	You do not study	You don’t study
They do not go	They don’t go	They do not study	They don’t study

Na forma interrogativa, usa-se o verbo auxiliar DO / DOES no início da frase e o ponto de interrogação no final da frase. Observe a conjugação de alguns verbos na forma interrogativa na tabela abaixo.

to work = trabalhar	to have = ter	to watch = assistir
Do I work?	Do I have?	Do I watch?
Do you work?	Do you have?	Do you watch?
Does he work?	Does he have?	Does he watch?
Does she work?	Does she have?	Does she watch?
Does it work?	Does it have?	Does it watch?
Do we work?	Do we have?	Do we watch?
Do you work?	Do you have?	Do you watch?
Do they work?	Do they have?	Do they watch?

5. SHORT ANSWERS (RESPOSTAS CURTAS)

As short answers são as respostas curtas em inglês (sim e não). Observe na tabela abaixo o uso das short answers.

to go = ir Short Answer - Sim Short Answer - Não

Do I go? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Do you go? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.

Does he go? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.

Does she go? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.

Does it go? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.

Do we go? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.

Do you go? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.

Do they go? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

to study = ir Short Answer - Sim Short Answer - Não

Do I study? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Do you study? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.

Does he study? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.

Does she study? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.

Does it study? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.

Do we study? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.

Do you study? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.

Do they study? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

6. EXPRESSÕES USADAS NO PRESENTE SIMPLES

Geralmente usa-se advérbios de freqüência e expressões de tempo nas frases para expressar o Simple Present. Os advérbios de freqüência são posicio-nados normalmente antes do verbo principal da frase e as expressões de tempo são colocadas no final das frases.

Ex: I always listen to the radio. (Eu sempre escuto o rádio).

Bob studies English three times a week. (Bob estuda inglês três vezes por semana).

Advérbios de Freqüência	Tradução	Expressões de Tempo	Tradução
Always	Sempre	Every day	Todo dia
Usually	Usualmente	Every week	Toda semana
Often	Frequentemente	Every Saturday	Todo sábado
Rarely	Raramente	Twice a day	Duas vezes ao dia
Never	Nunca	Three times a month	Três vezes por mês
Generally	Geralmente	In the morning	De manhã
Sometimes	Às vezes	In the afternoon	De tarde
Seldom	Quase nunca	At night	À noite
Frequently	Freqüentemente	On Mondays	Às segundas

ESTUDO DIRIGIDO

1) Quando se usa o Presente Simples em inglês?

2) O que acontece com os verbos na 3ª pessoa do singular?

3) Como é formada a negativa e a interrogativa do Presente simples em inglês?

4) Qual é a posição dos advérbios de frequência e das expressões de tempo usados no Presente Simples?

EXERCÍCIOS

1) Traduza o seguinte texto:

My every day routine

I am in seventh grade.

I get up at six every day, take a shower, get dressed, have breakfast and brush my teeth.

I leave home at seven ,take a bus and go to school.

My classes start at eight o’clock.

2) Escreva os verbos na 3ª pessoa do singular do presente do indicativo.

a) I work. ( Eu trabalho.) _______She works. ( Ela trabalha.)____________

b) I eat. ( Eu como .) ____________________________________________

c) They speak. ( Eles falam .) ____________________________________________

d) They fly. ( Eles voam .) ____________________________________________

e) I fish. ( Eu pesco.) ____________________________________________

f) I have. ( Eu tenho.) ____________________________________________

g) We get up. ( Nós levantamos.) ____________________________________________

h) I go. (Eu vou.) ____________________________________________

3) Conjugue os seguintes verbos no Simple Present Tense, nas formas afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa:

a) To reach ( alcançar )

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b) To study

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

c) To play

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

d) To have ( ter )

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

4) Passe as frases para a 3ª pessoa do singular:

a) They go to school in the morning. (He) He goes to school in the morning.

b) I study English every day. ( She) _____________________________________________________________________

c) I get up at seven o’clock. (He) ________________________________________________________________________

d) I brush my teeth after the meals.( She) _______________________________________________________________

e) They take the bus at seven o’clock. (He) _______________________________________________________________

f) You go to school in the afternoon. ( He) ________________________________________________________________

g) The trains reach the station at night. _________________________________________________________________

5) Passe as seguintes frases para a forma negativa:

a) You drink coffee and milk. ____________________________________________________________________________

b) I drink water and juice. _______________________________________________________________________________

c) We eat cheese and you eat ham. _______________________________________________________________________

d) She eats bread and he eats cheese. _____________________________________________________________________

e) They eat fish and she drinks soda. _____________________________________________________________________

f) He drinks milk and I drink coffee. _____________________________________________________________________

g) I speak with my friend. _______________________________________________________________________________

h) He speaks with my brother. ___________________________________________________________________________

i) She speaks with your father. __________________________________________________________________________

j) You speak English with my son. _______________________________________________________________________

k) I study French with my children. _______________________________________________________________________

l) You study Portuguese with your father. _________________________________________________________________

m) He study English with your mother. ____________________________________________________________________

n) She speaks Spanish with my brother. ___________________________________________________________________

6) Passe as frases para a forma interrogativa:

a) I drink a cup of coffee. _________________________________________________________________________________

b) She speaks with my father now . ________________________________________________________________________

c) They speak with my father today . ______________________________________________________________________

d) You study with my daughter. ___________________________________________________________________________

e) He studies with my daughter now. ______________________________________________________________________

f) She drinks a glass of juice. _____________________________________________________________________________

g) He studies English with my teacher. ____________________________________________________________________

h) They study English with my teacher today. ______________________________________________________________

i) You speak French with my children. ____________________________________________________________________

j) He speaks French with my son. ________________________________________________________________________

k) I speak Spanish with your friends. _____________________________________________________________________

Text: Social contrasts

Calcutta, said Robert Clive, founder of Britain’s Indian empire, is “the most wicked place in the universe. “His words still ring true. The city ’s elite live in luxurious mansions attended by white-gloved servants. Meanwhile, the poorest of the poor barely survive on the streets; some sell their blood just for a few pennies to get by. Yet something about Calcutta’s grim conflicts and compelling contrasts and inspires a yeasty mix of poets, revolutionaries and romantics. Quips renowned movie director Satyajit Ray, a Calcutta resident: “Who wants to make a film about Geneva?

DESENVOLVIMENTO DO VOCABULÁRIO

I. Leia o texto e sublinhe as palavras que você entende.

II. Substitua as palavras em português por seus correspondentes em inglês. Confira com o texto.

1. Calcutta, (disse) ____________ Robert Clive,( fundador) _______________ of (Império Britânico na India)____________ ______________ ___________, is “the (mais)____________ (pernicioso) ______________ (lugar) ___________ in the (universo)_________________.

2. (Suas) _________ (palavras)____________ (ainda)__________ (soam)__________ (verdadeiras) ____________.

3. The (elite da cidade) ___________ ___________ (vive) __________ in( luxuosas)____________ (mansões) ___________ (servidas) __________(por) _______ (empregados de luvas brancas) _____________________ ______________.

4. (Enquanto isso) ____________, the (mais pobres)___________ of the (pobres)__________ (mal, quase não)__________ (sobrevivem)___________ on the (ruas) __________ ; (alguns) _________ ( vendem) _________ (seu) _______ (sangue) ___________ (apenas) for (alguns) __________ (tocados) _____________ (sobreviver/ se virar) __________ _______.

III. Match the words:

1. Yet

2. Something

3. Grim

4. Compelling

EXERCÍCIOS

1) Marque a alternativa cuja frase esteja escrita corretamente na forma afirmativa do Simple Present:

a) Ted plaies tennis here.

b) We goes shopping on Sunday.

c) You work at night.

d) They studies at UnB.

2) Marque a alternativa que tenha a frase “They go to the movies on Saturdays” transformada para a 1ª pessoa do singular.

a) You go to the movies on Saturdays.

b) She goes to the movies on Saturdays.

c) I go to the movies on Saturdays.

d) We go to the movies on Saturdays.

3) Complete as frases abaixo, utilizando o Simple Present dos verbos em parênteses:

Mary ____________ (to plant) a tree every year.

My mother ____________ (to use) recycled paper.

My cousin ____________ (to waste / not) food.

They ____________ (to smoke) so much.

4) Marque a alternativa que complete corretamente a frase “_________ they __________ ecology?”

a) Does – study.

b) Do – study.

c) Do – studies.

d) Does – studies.

5) Marque a alternativa que complete corretamente a frase “Peter ____________ many books”.

a) have.

b) haves.

c) has.

d) hases.

6) Marque a alternativa que complete corretamente a frase “John and Mary __________ in the lake”.

a) don’t swim.

b) doesn’t swim.

c) don’t swims.

d) doesn’t swims.

7) Qual é a forma negativa da frase “John cries all night.”?

a) John doesn’t cries all night.

b) John not cry all night.

c) John don’t cries all night.

d) John doesn’t cry all night.

8) Qual é a forma interrogativa da frase “They eat vegetables every day”?

a) Does they eat vegetables every day?

b) Do they eat vegetables every day?

c) Does they eats vegetables every day?

d) Do they eats vegetables every day?

9) Marque a alternativa cuja frase esteja correta em relação ao estudo do Simple Present.

a) I washes the dishes.

b) They corrects the composition.

c) You need money.

d) She live in New York.

10) Marque a alternativa que empregou corretamente o verbo auxiliar to do (do / does) no Simple Present.

a) Does my friends play basketball every day?

b) You doesn’t have a good English dictionary.

c) She don’t work here.

d) Do those children study English?

11) Relacione as colunas e depois marque a alternativa que contenha a sequência correta.

(1) Do you drink milk?

(2) Do they take the subway?

(3) Do we like to play football?

(4) Does she speak French?

( ) No, we don’t.

( ) Yes, I do.

( ) No, she doesn’t.

( ) No, they don’t.

a) 3 – 1 – 4 – 2

b) 1 – 3 – 2 – 4

c) 4 – 2 – 3 – 1

d) 3 – 1 – 2 – 4

12) A conjugação correta dos verbos abaixo na 3ª pessoa do singular é:

to fly – to stay – to kiss – to drink

a) flies – staies – kiss – drinkies.

b) flys – stays – kisses – drinkes.

c) flys – staies – kissies – drinks.

d) flies – stays – kisses – drinks.

13) Marque a alternativa que tenha a frase “We cry when we are sad” transformada na a 3ª pessoa do singular.

a) I cry when I am sad.

b) They cry when they are sad.

c) She cries when she is sad.

Íncio

segunda-feira, 31 de outubro de 2016

English Class - SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (Presente Simples)

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